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Scoliosis Treatment

Treatment

Scoliosis Treatment

Scoliosis is a condition characterised by an abnormal curvature of the spine, which can vary in severity and affect individuals of all ages. Depending on the degree of the curve and associated symptoms, treatment options range from observation and bracing to surgical intervention. Understanding your treatment choices is important for managing scoliosis and improving your quality of life.

Scoliosis Non-Surgical Treatment Options

In many cases, scoliosis can be managed with non-surgical treatments aimed at reducing symptoms and slowing the progression of spinal curvature. These include:

  • Observation: For mild curves, regular check-ups to monitor the progression may be sufficient, especially in children still growing.
  • Bracing: Custom-fitted braces can help slow or halt curve progression in children and adolescents with moderate scoliosis.
  • Physical Therapy: Exercises designed to strengthen the muscles supporting the spine, improve posture, and enhance flexibility.
  • Pain Management: Over-the-counter or prescription medications to alleviate pain associated with scoliosis.
  • Alternative Therapies: Techniques such as chiropractic adjustments, massage therapy, or yoga may offer relief for some patients, though they do not address the underlying curve.

When Is Surgery Recommended?

Surgery for scoliosis is typically recommended when:

  • The spinal curve exceeds 45–50 degrees and is likely to worsen.
  • Non-surgical treatments fail to relieve symptoms or halt curve progression.
  • There is significant pain, functional limitations, or respiratory issues due to spinal curvature.

Scoliosis Surgical Treatment Options

Surgical treatments aim to correct the curvature, stabilise the spine, and prevent further progression. Depending on the severity and location of the curve, different surgical procedures may be considered.

Spinal Fusion

Spinal fusion is the most common surgical procedure for scoliosis. It involves permanently joining two or more vertebrae to reduce the abnormal curvature and stabilise the spine. During the procedure, the surgeon places bone grafts between the affected vertebrae, and metal rods, screws, or other implants are used to hold the spine in the corrected position while the bones gradually fuse together. Over time, the fused vertebrae form a single, solid bone, preventing further curvature and providing long-term stability.

Growing Rods

For children with scoliosis who are still growing, growing rods may be used to control the curvature while allowing continued spinal growth. The surgeon attaches expandable rods to the spine, which are periodically lengthened through minor outpatient procedures as the child grows. This technique helps prevent the curve from worsening during development while delaying the need for a full spinal fusion until skeletal maturity is reached.

Vertebral Body Tethering (VBT)

Vertebral body tethering (VBT) is a minimally invasive surgical option designed to correct scoliosis while preserving spinal flexibility. Instead of fusing vertebrae, the surgeon attaches a flexible cord (tether) to the outer edge of the curved spine. As the patient grows, the tether applies gentle pressure, gradually pulling the spine into better alignment. This procedure is often recommended for younger patients with moderate scoliosis who still have growth potential, as it allows for a more natural range of motion compared to spinal fusion.

The Surgical Process

  1. Anesthesia: Surgery is performed under general anesthesia, ensuring the patient is asleep and comfortable.
  2. Incision: The surgeon makes an incision along the back, side, or front of the torso, depending on the procedure.
  3. Procedure: The specific surgical technique, such as spinal fusion or VBT, is performed to address the curve.
  4. Closure: The incision is closed with stitches or staples, and a sterile dressing is applied.
  5. Recovery: Post-surgery, patients are monitored closely in a recovery room and may require a hospital stay of several days.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Recovery from scoliosis surgery varies depending on the specific procedure performed and individual healing factors. A well-structured rehabilitation plan is crucial to ensuring proper healing, restoring mobility, and preventing complications. Patients are encouraged to follow their surgeon’s guidance closely for the best possible outcome.

Walking and Mobility

Most patients are encouraged to start walking within a day or two after surgery to improve circulation, prevent blood clots, and promote overall recovery. Initially, some individuals may require assistive devices like walkers or canes for support, but these are usually temporary. As healing progresses, patients gradually regain their independence and mobility. While some discomfort is expected, staying active within recommended limits is essential for a smooth recovery.

Exercise and Physical Therapy

Light activities, such as short walks, are typically introduced early to aid healing and maintain flexibility. As recovery advances, formal physical therapy begins, focusing on strengthening core and back muscles, improving posture, and enhancing overall spinal support. Exercises are carefully tailored to each patient’s condition and progress, ensuring a safe return to normal activities. High-impact sports and strenuous physical activities should be avoided until the surgeon provides clearance, as excessive strain on the spine can hinder the healing process.

Disclaimer:

The content on this page is for informational purposes only and should not be considered a replacement for professional medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare professional to discuss your individual condition and treatment options.

Our Doctor

Our Spine Surgeon

Dr Terry Teo

Dr. Terry Teo combines his expertise in spinal health with a personal appreciation for movement and mobility. As a spine surgeon and father, he understands the importance of staying active and pain-free, which drives his commitment to helping patients regain function and improve their quality of life.

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SportsIN: Orthopaedic & Spine Clinic in Singapore

SportsIN is dedicated to empowering athletes through compassionate care and a holistic approach to spine health. We understand the physical and emotional challenges that come with spine injuries and strive to create a supportive environment where every athlete feels valued. Our spine specialist and surgeon focuses on providing minimally invasive treatments and surgical solutions, developing personalized plans to address each individual’s unique needs. With a focus on recovery and restoring mobility, we guide athletes through their journey to heal from spine injuries, prevent further complications, and regain full functionality, all while prioritizing their overall well-being.